Explain the meaning of quaternary structure.
Human FSH may be taken from women’s urine (u-hFSH). A method using monoclonal antibodies is employed to obtain purified u-hFSH. Suggest how monoclonal antibodies can be used to obtain purified u-hFSH from urine.
Recombinant human FSH (r-hFSH) can be made by adding the genes coding for the $\alpha$ and $\beta$ polypeptide chains of FSH to mammalian ovary cells. Suggest why mammalian cells are needed to produce r-hFSH, rather than bacterial cells.
In IVF treatment, a second hormone, human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), is injected after mature ovarian follicles (Graafian follicles) have developed. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a mature ovarian follicle.
With reference to Table 2.1, compare the effects of treatment with r-hFSH and u-hFSH and suggest explanations for the differences.
The chance that the results for the mean number of mature follicles per woman occurred by chance is $< 0.002$. Explain what this probability means.