Name the species of bacterium responsible for causing cholera.
The World Health Organization (WHO) gives several ways to prevent and control cholera. Two of them are: • Authorities should make safe drinking water available. • People and communities should follow preventive personal hygiene. Suggest and explain how these two approaches help in the prevention and control of cholera.
Mass vaccination with an oral cholera vaccine (OCV) can be used in settings where the risk of people developing the disease is high. Passive immunisation means transferring antibodies into a person to prevent or treat an infectious disease. Some infectious diseases for which passive immunisation is available use monoclonal antibody. Passive immunisation for cholera using monoclonal antibody could become available in the future. Complete Table 2.1 to compare an OCV and passive immunisation for cholera: • put the missing entry into row 1 • circle the correct options from the choices given in rows 3, 4 and 5.
The making of monoclonal antibodies for treatment depends on the formation of hybridoma cells from two separate cell types. Name the two types of cell that fuse to form a hybridoma cell and explain why this fusion is necessary.