Name the bacterium responsible for cholera.
Describe how cholera is transmitted from an infected individual to a person who is not infected.
Suggest and explain why cholera outbreaks are frequent following natural disasters.
Explain how a substitution mutation can cause the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide to change.
The antibiotic nalidixic acid inhibits an enzyme needed for DNA replication in the bacteria that cause cholera. The gene $gyrA$ codes for this enzyme. A substitution mutation in this gene leads to resistance to nalidixic acid. Suggest how a change in the enzyme’s amino acid sequence produces antibiotic resistance.
Some strains of the bacteria that cause cholera are resistant to more than one antibiotic (multiple resistance). Discuss the effects of multiple resistance on health authorities.