(a)[2]
Calculate the magnification of the electron micrograph in Fig. 1.1. Show your working and give your answer to the nearest 10000.
(b)[3]
Name three structures found in animal cells that are absent from the cells shown in Fig. 1.1.
(c)[1]
$E.\,carotovora$ is a rod-shaped bacterium. Explain why two of the bacterial cells in Fig. 1.1 do not look rod-shaped.
(d(i))[1]
$E.\,carotovora$ causes a disease in carrot and potato plants. The bacteria produce an enzyme called pectinase which hydrolyses the polysaccharide pectin. Pectin helps plant cells to stick to each other. Name the type of chemical bond which will be hydrolysed by pectinase.
(d(ii))[2]
Suggest what effect this disease will have on vegetables, such as carrots and potatoes.