State the causative organism of tuberculosis (TB).
Fig. 3.1 presents the number of TB deaths and the number of new TB cases from 1925 to 2010 in Canada. The TB vaccine was brought into widespread use in Canada from 1948. Antibiotics such as streptomycin were introduced in Canada from 1940. Use the information in Fig. 3.1 to comment on how the introduction of the vaccine and antibiotics affected the numbers of new cases and deaths from TB.
In 2010, Swaziland had one of the highest death rates from TB in the world. Swaziland also had a high number of new cases of HIV infection in its population in 2010. People who are infected with HIV are described as HIV+ and people who are not infected with HIV are described as HIV-. Table 3.1 shows the number of deaths from TB in Swaziland in 2010. Using the information in Table 3.1, suggest why the number of deaths per 100000 population of people who are HIV+ is much higher than that in people who are HIV-.