Outline how, and in which part of the body, the excretory product urea is produced.
Osmoregulation involves receptors, effectors and target cells in the homeostatic control of the water potential of blood. Identify the names and locations of these parts of homeostatic control in osmoregulation.
The glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule in the nephron have an important role in urine formation. Outline the role of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule in the formation of urine.
Concentrated urine has a high solute concentration and a low water volume. Mammalian species differ in how well they can produce urine with a high solute concentration. Table 6.1 compares the ratio of the solute concentration of urine (U) to the solute concentration of blood plasma (P) in some mammal species. With reference to Table 6.1, suggest what the different values of $U:P$ show about the ability of these mammal species to tolerate a shortage of water in their environment.