Biology 9700 · AS & A Level · Homeostasis in mammals

Homeostasis in mammals — practice question

Selective reabsorption is one major function of the kidney nephron. During this process, water is moved rapidly across cell surface membranes. To allow this fast movement, protein channels called aquaporins must be present. Fig. 6.1 shows a nephron.
(a)[4]

Using Fig. 6.1, complete the table by entering the correct letter for each description: • region in which no aquaporins are found in the tubule wall cells; • region in which aquaporins and glucose transport proteins are found in tubule wall cells; • region in which aquaporins are always present in the tubule wall cells but glucose transport proteins are absent; • region in which tubule wall cells are altered to form filtration slits.

(b(i))[2]

Urine from people on different diets was analysed. Those on a low protein diet had a mean urea concentration of $2.40\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$. Those on a high protein diet had a mean urea concentration of $14.76\,\text{g dm}^{-3}$. Calculate the percentage increase in urea concentration from the low to the high protein diet. Show your working.

(b(ii))[2]

Explain why a greater amount of protein in the diet causes the urea concentration in the urine to rise.

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