(a)[4]
T2A-1 rice is said to be insect-resistant because it makes a chemical that is poisonous to insect pests. Outline how genetic engineering produced the insect-resistant characteristic in T2A-1 rice.
(b(i))[2]
Explain what the information in Table 4.1 shows about the social consequences of growing GM crops.
(b(ii))[2]
If GM crop varieties were banned worldwide, more land would be needed to grow conventional crops, such as Shanyou 2. This would mean turning forest and grassland into land for crop production. Table 4.2 gives the predicted changes in carbon dioxide emissions linked to this land-use change. Discuss what the data in Table 4.2 suggest about the environmental consequences of growing GM crops.