(a)[2]
Suggest how Avastin® can stop a tumour from growing and spreading.
(b(i))[1]
State the antigen injected into a mouse to make this monoclonal antibody.
(b(ii))[1]
State what is meant by a hybridoma.
(c)[3]
The monoclonal antibody produced by the hybridoma method is altered to make humanised mouse antibody. This antibody molecule is similar to those made by humans. Suggest advantages of using humanised mouse antibody instead of mouse antibody.
(d)[2]
A second monoclonal antibody, ranibizumab (Lucentis®), is used to treat eye conditions. Lucentis® is a fragment of Avastin® and is shown in Fig. 2.1. Complete Fig. 2.1 so that it shows a molecule of Avastin®. Labels are not needed.