Biology 9700 · AS & A Level · Control and coordination in mammals

Control and coordination in mammals — practice question

A nerve is made up of bundles of different kinds of neurone. Fig. 5.1 illustrates the mean speed at which impulses are transmitted by three sensory neurone types, C, $A^\delta$ and $A^\beta$. Information given: • Impulses from pain receptors in the skin travel along sensory neurones C and $A^\delta$. • Sensory neurones C and $A^\delta$ make synapses in the spinal cord with relay neurones called projection neurones. • Projection neurones carry impulses to the region of the brain that detects pain. • Impulses from touch receptors in the skin move along sensory neurones $A^\beta$, which may also make synapses with projection neurones in the spinal cord. • Sensory neurones $A^\delta$ and $A^\beta$ have myelin. • Sensory neurones C lack myelin.
(a(i))[3]

Describe the patterns shown in Fig. 5.1 and suggest reasons for them.

(a(ii))[1]

Gently rubbing a damaged part of the skin can lessen the perception of pain. Suggest an explanation for this.

(b)

Back pain in humans may be eased by using a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) machine.

(b(i))[4]

Suggest and explain how endorphins may act to reduce pain.

(b(ii))[1]

Suggest one disadvantage of using pain-relief drugs compared with using TENS.

Worked solution & mark scheme

This 9-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: A wider diameter increases conduction speed.

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