Biology 9700 · AS & A Level · Antibodies and vaccination
Antibodies and vaccination — practice question
Nicotine present in cigarette smoke is extremely addictive. A nicotine vaccine has been developed in an attempt to lessen the effects of addiction. The vaccine triggers an immune response so that antibodies are produced which attach to the nicotine molecule. Fig. 6.1 shows an antibody molecule.
(a)[3]
On Fig. 6.1:
• label three structural features that allow an antibody molecule to perform its function.
• beside each label, state what that feature does.
(b)[3]
Nicotine affects the cardiovascular system, for example by making platelets sticky and therefore promoting blood clotting. This raises the risk of thrombosis and lowers blood flow. Outline other effects of nicotine on the cardiovascular system.
Worked solution & mark scheme
This 6-mark question has a full step-by-step worked solution and mark scheme. One marking point: “Accurate labels for antibody structure (e.g. antigen-binding site, heavy chain, hinge region)” …